Hello
Team Members;
Why
does a good splice matter?
A properly installed
splice will interact well with other components.
|
You may be thinking that as long as the
fasteners are holding the belt together and the material is moving along, the
splice is just fine. In addition, you may even wonder what the big deal is when
it comes to installing a good splice. The big deal is that good splices will
run longer, which ultimately leads to minimizing downtime. Unscheduled downtime
due to splice failure cannot only cost your operation time, but also money.
Other than decreasing the overall life of the splice, some of the biggest
problems that can occur with an improperly spliced belt include mistracking and
damage to other conveyor components.
To establish the belt centerline, start near
the belt end as shown in the following figures. Measure the belt width at five
points approximately 10" apart. Divide each measurement in two and mark
these center points as shown.
Using these, five center points draw
the resultant average centerline. Next, using a carpenter square (or
tee square), draw a cut line across the width of the belt near
the belt end as shown. It is also a good idea to mark several right angle
reference lines across the belt surface for use as guidelines later on.
Using the cut line as the guide, cut off
the end of the belt with a sharp razor knife. Make sure that the cut is clean
and vertical. This operation should then be repeated on the other end of the
belt. (Keep in mind that the final belt length may need to include an allowance
for such things as diagonal splice, skive taper length, skive overlap, fastener
extension, etc. depending upon what kind of splice is being performed).
Clipper
Training Manual
This is one of the industries best providers
of conveyor belts and lacing products. I have use them in several companies
that I have worked for and currently I am training technicians with these same
practices. I print this PDF for my students to have, I have the Clipper PDF
here for you to down load for your own maintenance resources.
As you read this week’s blog, you now have a
better understanding of “Conveyor Belt Lacing”. I hope that you look at the PDF’s
and get them down loaded for your use! Remember two things from this lesson…
1) A good square cutting
will improve the belt tracking
2) In addition, “not” over
tensioning the belt will help the lacing last longer than expected.
In Conclusion my friends;
> What are some of the
topics that we talked about here supported your needs?
> Is there some challenges with
belt lacing do you need support on?
I hope that this blog supports your needs and
delivered good content for you! Please feel free to leave a comment!
Best
Regards. Joe DeLoach
If at any chance, the PDF’s will not open or
gives a 401 error, email me and I can send you a copy!
Conveyor
Belt Glossary and Terms
45-Degree Splice
Solid
plate pattern wherein belt ends are cut at a 45-degree angle to the belt edges
and fasteners are installed crosswise to the cut. The pattern permits operating
of the splice over smaller diameter pulleys.
9
90-Degree Splice
Generally,
a mechanical belt splice made at a right angle to the belt edges.
Abrasion
Wearing
away by friction.
Angle of Repose
The
angle to the horizontal that a material will naturally assume when dropped in a
pile.
Application
Type
of conveyor or conveyed material, or environmental conditions for which a belt
or fastener joint is to be specified.
Application Tool
Generally,
an installation device, fixture, or machine for installing certain belt
fasteners, hooks, or lacing.
Back Edge
Pertaining
to a mechanical belt splice and in the direction of belt travel, the points of
the splice furthest from the length-wise center or (in the case of a hinged
joint) the hinge point. The points at which the rigid end of the splice meet
the more flexible unspliced belt. See also: Reach-back.
Back Pulley
A
pulley whose face surface is not covered or lagged.
Bareback Surface
A
belt surface where the textile carcass is without any coating. Also referred to
as Brush Back or Friction Back.
Basket Weave
A
fabric with ends of yarn side-by-side in both the warp and filling in a plain
weave construction.
Belt Clamp
Beams
or metal plates secured transversely on both sides of belt or belt ends to hold
the ends in a desired position (e.g. for splicing).
Belt Covers
The
rubber or plastic compound used on the top and/or bottom of the belting to
protect the carcass from abrasion and impact.
Belt Fasteners
A
mechanical device for holding the two ends of a conveyor belt together.
Belt Grinder
An
abrasive wheel used in conjunction with an electric or air-driven device drill,
used to remove a portion of the belt cover.
Belt Grips
Devices
used to grip the belt edges to facilitate manually lifting the belt intoits
final position.
Belt Groover
Hand
tool for removing a portion of the top or bottom cover of belting to recess all
or a portion (e.g. the back edge) of a mechanical joint. Also reffered to as
Belt Grooving.
Belt Guides
V-belt
shaped device affixed to the underside of a conveyor belt (along the length) to
keep the belt training properly. Can be alternately applied across the width as
a belt cleat. Also called V Guides.
Belt Hooks
Finger-shaped
attachments for the carrying side of the conveyor belting, to act as cleats or
positioning points. Also referred to as Belt Pegs.
Belt Lugs
A
mechanical fastener consisting of wires capable of being pressed through the
belt end and bent back into the belt by a special installation machine. Also
called Wire Hooks.
Belt Punch
A
tool used to punch a hole through the belt for bolted fasteners or for bucket
elevator bolts.
Belt Rating
The
normal working tension recommended for a belt. Sometimes this rating is
variable based on method of splicing, vulcanized or mechanical.
Belt Ripple
A
lateral waviness of a belt splice caused by compression swell in the fastener
area, most common with rubber belting.
Belt Skiver
A
tool designed to remove top cover material, generally for countersinking
mechanical belt fasteners flush with or below the top surface. Also reffered to
as a Skiver.
Belt Stop
An
internal tab in some belt fasteners which properly aligns and positions the
belt end in the fastener.
Belt Tension
In
a belt drive, the pulling force acting on the belt, either at rest or during
operation.
Belt Thickness
The
gauge or measure of belting, from top to bottom, especially in the area which
is to be spliced.
Belt Training
The
process of adjusting idlers, pulleys, and loading conditions to ensure that the
belt runs straight. Sometimes referred to as Belt Tracking.
Belt Width
The
measure of a belt at a (horizontal) right angle to the direction of travel.
Bend Pulley
A
pulley used to change the direction of the belt run (usually by less than 180
degrees).
Bolt Breaker
A
hand tool for breaking off the surplus ends of fastener bolts after tightening.
Bolt breakers are usually sold and utilized in pairs.
Bolt Horn
A
hand tool for facilitating the assembly of fastener plates (in a Bolt Solid
Plate fastener splice) onto bolts. Works like a shoe horn.
Bolted Plate Hinged
Fasteners
Steel
plated on both sides and both ends of two belt ends to be fastened together
(secured to the belt with bolts) with the end of the plates constructed into a
circular hole (loop) for accepting a hinge pin to secure the two ends of the
belts together. See Also: (Bolted) Solid Plate.
Boot
Enclosure
for the loading end of a bucket elevator belt, located at the bottom of the
system.
Bottom Cover
The
protective rubber cover on the bottom surface of a conveyor belt which contacts
the driving mechanism. Sometimes referred to as Pulley Cover.
Breaking Strength
The
tensile that a textile yarn or cable, a steel cord, or a belt is at rupture.
Bridge
The
portion of a mechanical belt splice which connects fastener segments or plates,
along the top or bottom of the belt. See Also: Cross-Wire, Tie-Bar, and
Connecting Bar.
Bucket
One
of the cups or containers bolted to an elevator belt.
Bucket Elevator
A
type of conveyor (most often a belt conveyor) which vertically transports
material in cups or buckets attached to the belting. Also referred to as a Leg
Belt (in grain handling).
Bucket Projection
The
distance the bucket protrudes beyond an elevator belt.
Butt Splice
A
solid plate type mechanical splice in which the ends of a belt to be joined are
brought end to end.
Butt Strap Joint
A
butt splice with an additional piece of belting material, called a Splice Pad,
which covers the joint (on the side of the belting away from the pulleys).
Sometimes used to splice bucket elevator belting. See Also: "Saddle."
Capped Edge
A
rubber protective edge placed around a belting product, internally reinforced
with textile or other material.
Carcass
The
fabric, cord, and/or metal reinforcing section of any rubber product such as a
belt, as distinguished from the rubber cover.
Carding Paper
The
paper holder for packaging and installing wire hook fasteners. Also called a
Card. Alternatively, hooks may be collated using a welded cross wire -; see
Connecting Bar.
Center Distance
(1)
The distance from the center of the shaft of the "head" pulley of a
conveyor to the center of the shaft of the "tail" pulley; the
effective length of the conveyor, (2) the distance between two conveyor idlers.
Also called Center-to-Center distance.
Center Line
A
line that connects the (width-wise) mid-points of the belt. A line down the
center of the belt along its length. When the belt end is cut at a right angle
(90 degrees) to the center line, it is said to be cut "squarely."
Check
A
groove in the bridge or connecting bar or hinged fasteners to facilitate
separation of fastener segments. This groove may be of a "radius"
type (for use with conveyor belt lacing) or of a deep "V" design (for
use with transmission belt lacing).
Cleats
Transverse
raised elements attached to the conveyor belt surface (made of material
compatible to the belt cover) to stabilize items carried up an incline. Also
called Flights.
Clinch
To
bend or "set" the open-end portion of hooks or staples to secure them
in belt.
Clip
A
disposable assembly element for the installation of belt fasteners or lacing.
Coining
A
beveling of the back edge (longitudinally) of belt fasteners to prevent hang-up
on conveyor structure or belt scrapers. In metal stamping, coining refers to
metal flow as contrasted to physical displacement as in bending.
Cold Bonding
Non-mechanical,
endless splicing of belting in ambient temperatures using adhesives, between
steps in the belt plies, and manual compression. Bonding takes place as a
result of chemical interaction rather than the heat and pressure of hot
vulcanization. Sometimes referred to as Chemical Vulcanizing or Cold
Vulcanization.
Comb
That
portion of a lacing instrument tool which aligns the fastener during
installation. Specifically, the portion which aligns the fastener loops for one
belt end.
Comb-Out
Failure
at the mechanical belt fastener or splice where fill and/or cross fabric of
belt has fatigued sufficiently such that fastener attaching elements, without
proper support, pull through the belt end. See also Pull-Out and Transverse
Break.
Come Alongs
Chain
winch for use with belt clamps to position belt ends for splicing.
Common Bar
Generally
refers to the connection between the teeth in drive-on belt lacing (also see
Connecting Bar).
Compression
The
squeezing effect on a belt where fasteners are installed that spreads the
splice tension evenly over the width of a fastener segment.
Connecting Bar
In
belt lacing or hooks, that portion which connects the hooks or teeth along the
top or bottom of the belt. Also known as cross-wire, Tie Bar™, or Common-Bar.
Conveyor Belt
A
device comprised of carcass material and/or covers (elastomer) in sheet form
for transporting bulk or packaged materials over distances.
Corrugated Hinge Pin
The
connecting pin which engages the opposing loops of a hinged type of belt
fasteners; such pin is characterized by spaced, embossed sections to prevent
lateral migration in use.
COS
Refers
to a conveyor belt with cover only on one side.
Countersunk
A
splice recessed into the belt cover to provide for a stronger, quieter running
joint, and a smoother surface on the belt.
Cracking Chisel
A
two-pronged tool used with a hammer to break the nuts on a bolt-style fastener
(for repair).
Crowned Pulley
A
pulley with a greater diameter at the center, or other points, than at the
edges.
Deep Troughing Idlers
Angled
supporting pulleys for the belt in the carrying portion of the conveyor;
"deep" meaning usually over 35 degrees in angle.
Delamination
The
separation of plies in a vulcanized splice or cold-bonded splice, or the
separation of the cover materials from the carcass of a belt, or separation of
belt plies.
Diameter
The
length of a straight line passing through the geometric center to the periphery
of an object.
Diverters
Panels
mounted over a conveyor belt at strategic points to discharge material being
conveyed. Also referred to as Shears.
Down-Time
Period
of time when machinery (e.g. a conveyor) is out of service for repairs. Usually
refers to lost production time.
Drive Pulley
A
pulley mounted on a drive shaft which transmits power to the belt.
Drive-on Plate Fastener
Two
ends of belting joined together with a single plate, across the top cover
joint, with rivets or sharp teeth driven through the belt and clinched over on
the bottom cover side.
Durometer
An
arbitrary scaled numerical value system which measures the resistance to
penetration (hardness) of the indenter point of a testing device. For example,
the measure of hardness of rubber conveyor belting.
Dutchman
A
short section of belt, usually less than 2-3 times the belt width in length,
which is patched into a conveyor belt using fasteners to accommodate minor
variations in belt length. Sometimes referred to as a Saddle.
Edge Flange
Raised
edging material longitudinally attached to the sides of conveyor belting to
prevent spillage. Usually employed on flat, bulk material conveyors.
Elastomer
An
elastic rubber-like substance, such as natural or synthetic rubber.
Elevator Belt
A
belt that raises material vertically in buckets attached to the belt. In grain
handling, commonly called a Leg Belt. For vertical transportation of personnel,
commonly called a Man-Lift Belt.
Elevator Bolt
Flat-top,
squared shoulder bolt for attaching accessories such as elevator buckets and
cleats to belting (See Norway style elevator bolt).
Elongation
Increase
in length expressed numerically as a fraction or percentage of initial length.
Endless Belt
A
belt made to operate in a continuous loop without employing mechanical
fasteners.
EPDM
Abrasion,
ozone and acid resistant rubber compound used for conveyor belt Elastomer
(cover) and for mechanically-attached belt cleats.
Everdur®
Spark-free
(compared to steel) alloy of copper and silicon used in belt fasteners for
potentially explosive environments. Everdur®; is a regitered trademark of
American Brass.
Extendable Belts
An
adjustable conveyor system with a loop of belting between the carrying idlers and
the return idlers for changing the center distance. Also called Extensible
Belts, Extensible Conveyors, or Telescoping Conveyors.
Extruded
Material
forced through die of tubing machine in either solid or hollow cross section.
F/S
Friction
surface. See Bareback Surface.
Fabrication Shop
Conveyor
belt facility which provides services ancillary to the manufacture of the belt,
e.g. slitting belt to width (and cutting to length), installing mechanical belt
fasteners, installing cleats, etc.
Fastener
A
mechanical device for connecting the ends of a conveyor, transmission, or
elevator belt. A Belt Fastener.
Fastener Plate
One
belt fastener segment. In a hinged joint, it is called an
"end-plate." In a solid plate splice, it is either a top or bottom
plate.
Fastener Strip
A
series of belt connecting elements joined together with a cross-bar to
accommodate the width of one belt end.
Fatigue
The
weakening or deterioration, over time, of a material (e.g. a belt carcass)
caused by a repetition of stress, strain, or flexing (over pulleys) or by
continuous impact damage.
Finger Splice
Belt
ends cut into mating fingers and bonded endlessly (continuous "W"
shape with points in a longitudinal direction).
Flange
See
Edge Flange.
Flat Belt Conveyor
As
opposed to a troughing conveyor, this type runs on a surface which is level
across the width. The belt is often supported by running in a pan or
"slider bed."
Flight
See
Cleats.
FPM
Abbreviation
for "Feet per Minute" in calculating belt speed. Also, Meters per
Minute.
Gauge
(1)
The measure of thickness of the individual elements making up a rubber product.
(2) To measure the thickness of a rubber product (e.g. a conveyor belt). Also
spelled "Gage."
Gauge Pin
An
assembly element, usually a tempered steel rod, used in installing lacing,
fasteners, or hooks, either to space the lacing on the belt end or to secure
the lacing in an installation tool.
Gravity Take-up
A
mechanical system that adjusts for the stretch or shrinking of a conveyor belt
automatically by a weighed pulley in the system.
Hand Skiver
A
hand tool for removing a "rough-top" covering or other top cover
profiles from lightweight belting.
Hang-Up
Accidental
collision of a conveyor belt with part of the conveyor structure, often causing
damage to the belt or splice. Damage may also be caused by tramp metal
penetrating the belt and colliding with the conveyor structure. See Tramp
Metal.
Harness
A
device temporarily affixed to the end of a belt to provide a connection to
cables used to "string" the belt on the conveyor.
Head Pulley
The
belt pulley at the delivery or discharging end of the conveyor system. This
pulley is referred to as the Drive Pulley if the drive motor is located at this
point in the system.
Heat Welder
Machine
that uses hot air and motorized setting wheels to "weld" plastic belt
cleats, edge flange, or V-guides to conveyor belt covers. Usually found in
Fabrication Shops. Also referred to as Heat Welding.
Hidden Splice
A
mechanical belt joint envelope in the covers of the belt.
Hinge Pin
A
flexible cable or ridge rod used to join together hinged fasteners. Common
types are nylon-covered, steel cable, or spring wire pins. Also known as a
Spindle.
Hinged Fastener
A
type of belt fastener, connected by a hinged pin, which allows the
"joined" belt to articulate over relatively small diameter pulleys. A
fastener attached independently to each of the belt ends designed with an
opening in the end of the fastener to accept a pin to complete the joint.
Holding Power
The
capability of a conveyor belt to retain mechanical fasteners when operating
under tension, or the resistance of a mechanical fastener to pulling out of a
belt under operating conditions.
Hook Angle
The
angle of penetration as a wire belt hook enters a belt (measured between the
hook leg and point). This angle is predetermined at the time of manufacture for
optimal installation and performance. Other features of the wire hook fastener
include the Leg, the Point, and the Loop.
Hooks
A
mechanical belt fastener used for joining two belt ends (See Belt Hooks or Wire
Hook Fastener).
Impact
The
single instantaneous stroke or contact of a moving body with another body,
either moving or at rest, such as a piece of material dropping on a conveyor
belt.
Impact Idler
A
belt idler having a resilient roll covering, resilient molded Elastomer rings,
pneumatic tires, springs, or other means of absorbing impact energy at or close
to the place where material contacts (loads onto) the belt.
Joint
(1)
A fastener connection of two belt ends, usually employing a hinged fastening
device, (2) the location where two belt ends are fastened together by
mechanical means, cold bonding, or a vulcanized splice.
kN/m
Kilonewtons
per minute. A metric measure of conveyor belt tension, often used to express
operating capacity. Equal to approximately .175 PIW.
Knuckle
A
90 twist in the tooth of belt lacing to orient the penetration in the
longitudinal direction and to increase resistance to unfastening under tension.
Lacing
A
term for lightweight, stamped, hinged belt fasteners, commonly supplied in
strips (for the belt width), which are hammer installed. Also referred to as
Lace or Common-Bar Lacing or Drive-On Lacing.
Lacing Machine
A
tool or device for installing light- and medium-duty belt fasteners,
specifically lacing or hooks.
Lagging
See
Pulley Lagging.
Lap Splice
(1)
Generally, an elevator joint where one end of the belt laps over the other end
with the leading belt end on the bucket side and fastened together using
elevator bucket bolts or solid plate fasteners; also called a Lap Joint, (2) a
splice made by placing the edge of one piece of material extending flat over
the edge of a second piece of material.
Leading End
Joined
belt end which is first in the direction of belt travel.
Longitudinal
(1)
In the lengthwise direction of a conveyor belt, (2) the direction of the warp
yarns in a belt carcass.
Loop
The
part of one side (for one belt end) of a hinged belt joint which engages the
other side, to be coupled with a hinge pin.
Magnetic Separator
A
device for the removal of "tramp" iron and other metal debris from
material being conveyed, usually located near the head pulley.
Man-Lift Conveyor
An
elevator belt that runs continuously for the transporting of personnel between
floors of a building.
Mechanical Attachment
(1)
A mechanical belt fastening system other than splicing through vulcanization or
cold bonding, (2) the attachment of material/components (e.g. cleats, guides,
buckets) to a conveyor belt by screws, bolts, or other like devices.
Mechanical Fastener
A
mechanical device used to join the ends of belting.
Mechanical Fastener
Rating
The
maximum operating tension recommended for a given belt when joined with
mechanical fasteners, with consideration to the allowable safety factor of the
mechanical splice. Usually expressed in PIW or kN/m.
MegAlloy™
Wear-resistant
alloy used in belt fasteners for very abrasive environments. Not recommended
where corrosion is a problem. MegAlloy™ is a trademark of Flexco.
Metal Detector
A
device for detecting the presence of metal in any non-metallic being conveyed.
Migration
Relating
to hinge pins, the condition of the pins gradually moving (or spiraling) out of
the ends of a hinged belt joint during operation. Also called Pin Migration or
Hinge Pin Migration.
Minimum
Pulley Diameter
(1)
For fastener selection, the smallest (diameter) pulley over which the belt
operates, (2) for belt selection, the smallest pulley diameter around which a
belt is recommended to operate.
Molded
Temperature-
and compression-formed rubber or plastic product, for example a mechanical belt
cleat or guide.
Monel®
Alloy
used in the manufacture of belt fasteners which is highly resistant to rusting,
corrosion and acids. Monel® is a trademark of Huntington Alloys, Inc.
Monofilament Belting
Thin,
lightweight belting made with fabric having transverse elements made from
single extruded strands of material. This design provides longitudinal
flexibility for small pulleys and nosebars, yet is transversely rigid for load
support.
Nitrile
Common
name for nitrile-butadiene polymer, an oil-resistant rubber compound.
Norway Type Elevator Bolt
Flat-top,
squared shoulder bolt for attaching buckets to elevator belts.
Nosebar
A
small diameter, non-rotating rod used in lieu of a tail or head pulley in
lightweight conveyor systems.
Notch
The
process of making an angular cut to the trailing (or leading) belt end corners
when these are joined with hinged type fasteners, to minimize catching on the
conveyor structure. Also referred to as Notching, Leading End, and Trailing
End.
Oil Well Splice
Two
ends of a belt each bent 90 degrees around a steel form and bolted together
through the belt and steel form.
Open-End V-Belting
Fastener
type v-belting with cross woven fabric carcass.
Operating Tension
The
longitudinal tension on a conveyor belt when moving material under normal
operating loads, as distinguished from tension when the belt is running empty
or starting up under load.
Penetration
The
point of attachment in a belt fastener; where a rivet, bolt, staple or lacing
tooth pierces through the belt.
Pin Insertion
The
step in completing a belt joint where the hinge pin is installed to couple the
opposing loops of a hinged fastener. Removal of the hinge pin is commonly
referred to as Pin Extraction.
Pin Migration
See
Migration.
PIP
Pounds
per inch of width per ply (in reference to belt tension). See PIW.
PIW
Pounds
per inch of width. An imperial measure of conveyor belt tension, often used to
express operating capacity. Equal to approximately 5.75 kN/m.
Plates
See
Solid Fasteners.
Plows
Plates
or bars positioned across a belt to remove material lying on or sticking to the
belt.
Ply
One
layer of fabric material (possibly rubberized).
Ply Separation
Delamination
of a belt due to a breakdown of the bond between plies.
Profile
The
longitudinal cross-section of a belt at the point of a splice. The protrusion
of a splice above and below the belt surfaces which might expose the splice to
wear and abrasion.
Promal®
Malleable
castings used as belt fastener top plates for severe abrasion resistance in
corrosive environments such as coke and sinter operations. Promal®is a
registered trademark of FMC Corporation.
Pulley
A
cylindrically shaped component of a conveyor over which the belt travels, often
at a point where the belt changes direction. Pulleys are mounted on a central
axis shaft.
Pulley Cover
See
Bottom Cover.
Pulley Diameter
The
dimension, in a cylinder-shaped pulley, from (belt-contracting) face-to-face
through the central axis.
Pulley Lagging
Material
which is added to the surface of a conveyor pulley to increase the coefficient
of friction with the belt.
Pull-Out
Release
of mechanical belt fastener where the attaching elements of the fastener
"back out" or "undo" as a result of operating tensions that
exceed the fastener's retention capabilities. Alternately, "pull out"
of fasteners may result from improper selection or installation or because of
operation over undersized pulleys. See also Comb-Out and Transverse Break.
PVC
Abbreviation
for polyvinyl-chloride, a plastic. May be used as a belt cover, as an
elastomeric binder (impregnation), or as a cleat compound. See Solid Woven PVC.
Range
Refers
to the span of sizes of a product, or as the span of belt thickness on which a
belt fastener can be used.
Raw Edge
The
uncovered square edge of a belt created by longitudinal cutting or slitting
after manufacture. Also referred to as a Cut Edge.
Reach-Back
The
distance, longitudinally on the belt, from the belt end to the furthest point
of mechanical fastener attachment.
Recess
N.
A pocket or groove in the belt cover to reduce belt thickness in area to be
spliced. V. to recess: to skive or countersink a splice.
Reduced Ply Belting
Plied
belting with plies made of stronger synthetic fabrics (but less bulky than
natural fabrics). Typically nylon and/or polyester, and typically one to four
plies in thickness.
Resistance
The
property or ability of matter to withstand the effects of force, pressure,
heat, or chemical action.
Retaining Washers
A
device which is fastened over the exposed ends of an installed hinge pin to
prevent lateral migration of the pin in operation.
Return Idlers
Rolls
that support the belt on its return run towards the tail.
Rip
A
longitudinal rupture of the belt through the fabric/plies due to an accident,
sometimes caused by tramp metal.
Riveted Plate Joint
A
mechanical fastener secured by rivets that compress plates in both surfaces of
the belt. Rivet-attached fasteners are used in hinged joints as well.
Rocker Hinge Pin
A
two-piece hinge pin used to engage the opposing loops of hinged fasteners used
in power transmission belting.
Rough Top Belting
A
style of light duty belting characterized by a non-smooth pattern in the top
cover for increasing the coefficient of friction with material being conveyed.
Rust Alloy™
Low
chrome stainless steel alloy used in belt fasteners for applications involving
corrosion (mine water) and acids. Rust Alloy™ is a trademark of Flexco.
Saddle
(1)
An additional, short piece of belting material used to cover a butt splice (on
the belt surface away from the pulleys), sometimes used in elevator belt
splicing. See Butt Strap Joint, (2) Can refer to an additional short length of
belting added to an existing belt. See Dutchman.
Safety Factor
The
ratio of the maximum stress that a belt or a belt splice can withstand to the
maximum stress recommended for it by the manufacturer. The ratio of breaking
strength to rated working tension.
Scraper
A
device for cleaning the surface of belting in operation, usually mounted under
the head pulley. Also called Belt Scraper or Belt Cleaner.
Scraper Plates
Solid
plate belt fasteners with special beveled top plates. Used for short center
belts (under 500 feet) with tight plows or scrapers, as in foundries and for
fertilizer handling.
Set
A
complete assembly of belt fastener components, including a hinge pin, rivets,
staples or bolts.
Sifting
The
dribble of fine, powdery, or granular material through the hinged area of a
belt joint.
Skirt Board
In
a conveyor system, the vertical or included plates located longitudinally and
closely above the belt and near its edges (attached to a "hopper") to
confine the conveyed material, especially in a loading area.
Skive
(1)
To remove a portion of a belt cover through cutting, usually with a special
tool, (2) in a vulcanized splice, a cut made on an angle to the surface to
produce a tapered or feathered cut.
Skiver
A
device for removing a portion of a belt cover so that mechanical fasteners may
be recessed.
Slab
A
large roll of unslit conveyor belting. Also called Slab Belting.
Slider Bed
The
portion of some belt conveyors in which the belt is supported by a stationary
"bed" (as opposed to rollers) in carrying material between the
pulleys.
Slitter
A
piece of equipment used in a conveyor belt fabrication facility for cutting
belting longitudinally.
Slope Belt
A
primary conveyor belt used to carry material along an inclined flight.
Snub Pulley
A
pulley adjacent to a drive pulley that increases the arc of contact on the
drive pulley to increase the effectiveness of the drive.
Solid Plate
A
type of belt fastener utilizing rectangular pieces of metal, compressing the
belt from above and below, and attached with either bolts or rivets.
Solid Woven PVC
A
type of conveyor belting with a single interwoven carcass element impregnated
with a polyvinyl chloride Elastomer.
Splice
The
connection of two ends of a belt. Typically refers to either mechanical
fasteners of the solid plate type or to a vulcanized joining of belt ends.
Splice Angle
The
angle at which belting is being spliced.
Splice Pad
An
additional piece of belting material used to cover a butt splice and add
additional strength to the connection. See also Butt Strap Joint and Saddle.
Square Cut
(1)
Belt end cut at a right angle to the center line of the belt (See Center Line),
(2) belt edge or belt end cut perpendicular at 90 degrees to the belt surface.
Squeeze-Out
Compression
swell of belting, laterally and longitudinally, in the area of fastener
attachment.
Staple
The
quality and length of natural fiber used in making yarns for the manufacture of
fabric, as in conveyor belt carcass. In textiles, yarns made by twisting
together short individual segments or fibers, as contrasted to continuous
filament yarns.
Steel Cord Belting
A
conveyor belt having a tension bearing member of steel cords lying in the same
plane with a definite spacing between the cords, Elastomer between the cords,
and an Elastomer cover on both sides of the belt. Also referred to as Steel
Cable Belting.
Straight Warp
(1)
A type of conveyor belting characterized by a carcass made with uncrimped
longitudinal tension yarns, (2) A two warp weave system whereby one pattern of
warp yarns is essentially without crimp and is the tension bearing member, the
other warp patterns is interlaced with the filling yarn and provides mechanical
fastener holding capability.
String
A
term used to describe the process of installing a belt on a conveyor.
Swaged
A
treatment for the ends of belt fastener hinge pins, whereby an encapsulating tip
is installed during manufacture using a rotary hammer.
Tail Pulley
The
belt pulley near the loading end of the conveyor system.
Take Up
(1)
The part of a conveyor system intended to accumulate the slack in a conveyor
belt and maintain belt tension, commonly are of the Gravity, Screw, or
Hydraulic type and utilize a pulley (or pulleys) positioned by these means, (2)
the unused and available "travel" of a conveyor pulley device to
accommodate slack in a conveyor belt.
Teeth
That
portion of a mechanical belt fastener which is driven into or through the belt
from one side or the other, generally associated with belt lacing. Sometimes
referred to as Prongs.
Templet/Template
A
pattern to guide the punching or boring of holes in belt ends in preparation
for making a bolted splice. Also may refer to the pattern for punching holes
for bucket elevator bolts, or for the attachment of mechanically applied belt
cleats and guides. More common spelling is "template."
Tension
In
a belt drive, the pulling force acting on the belt either at rest or during
operation.
Tension Rating
The
normal maximum working tension recommended for a belt. Also Belt Tension Rating
and Mechanical Fastener Rating.
Tension, effective
In
a belt drive, the difference between the two tensions in a belt as it
approaches and leaves a driving or driven pulley. In a two-pulley drive, it is
the difference between tight and slack side tensions. Being a measure of power
requirement, it is sometimes referred to as horsepower pull.
Tension, maximum
(1)
The highest tension occurring in any portion of a belt drive. In a two-pulley
drive, it is the tight side tension, (2) in conveyors, the maximum tension may
occur at a point other than the drive pulley.
Top Cover
The
protective rubber cover on the material conveying surface of a conveyor belt.
Trailing End
Joined
belt end which follows the Leading End in the direction of belt travel.
Tramp Metal
Metal
objects or material being conveyed which may penetrate the belt and do damage.
Transition Idler
A
troughed belt idler having a lesser degree of trough than previous or
subsequent carrying idlers. These idlers are generally found just after the
tail pulley (in the direction of belt travel) and just before the head or
discharge pulley.
Transmission Belt
A
belt used for transmitting power between a drive pulley and a driven pulley.
Transverse Break
A
failure of a belt/splice where longitudinal tension yarns are severed and the
belt ruptures crosswise under or behind the fasteners. A common cause is flex
fatigue of the belt fabric material. See Also: Comb-Out and Pull-Out.
Troughing Conveyor
A
bulk materials transporting belt conveyor which utilizes angled carrying
rollers for increasing load capacity and minimizing spillage.
Vice Lacer
Portable
tool activated by a bench vice, for installing wire hook fasteners.
Vulcanization
Recomposition
of rubber in a belt or belt splice through high temperature and pressure.
Vulcanized Splice
A
joint in a belt made by means of vulcanization.
Vulcanizing Press
A
machine, often portable, for the purpose of vulcanization.
Warp
The yarns that run
lengthwise in a woven fabric.
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